Demonstratives: ăă/ăă/ăă (This/That/That over there)
ăă (kore), ăă (sore), and ăă (are) are demonstrative pronouns used to point to things. ăă is for items near the speaker. ăă is for items near the listener. ăă is for items far from both the speaker and the listener. They function as nouns and are often followed by the particle 㯠(wa).
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăŻă»ăă§ăă
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăŻăă°ăă§ăă
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăŻăăăŽă€ă§ăă
Demonstratives: ăăź/ăăź/ăăź + Noun
ăăź (kono), ăăź (sono), and ăăź (ano) are demonstrative adjectives that directly modify a noun. They must be followed by a noun. ăăź is for a noun near the speaker, ăăź is for a noun near the listener, and ăăź is for a noun far from both.
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăăŒăăŻăăăăźă§ăă
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăŠăĄăăăŻăăăăăăźă§ăă
- ïŒżïŒżïŒżăăŁăăŻă«ăĄă©ăźă§ăă
Interrogatives: ăȘă, ăȘăăź, ă ăăź, ă©ă
These are common question words. ăȘă means 'what?'. ăȘăăź means 'of what?' or 'what kind of?'. ă ăăź means 'whose?'. ă©ă means 'which one?'. When a question word like ă©ă is the subject of a sentence, it is followed by the particle ă (ga) instead of 㯠(wa).
- ăăăŻïŒżïŒżïŒżă§ăăă
- ăăăŻïŒżïŒżïŒżăźăăŁăă§ăăă
- ăăăŻïŒżïŒżïŒżăźăăăă§ăăă
- ăăăăăăźăăăŻïŒżïŒżïŒżă§ăăă
Responses: ăăă§ă / ăăăăăăăŸăă
ăăă§ă (sou desu) is a common affirmative reply meaning 'That's right' or 'Yes, it is.' The negative reply can be ăăăăăăăăăăăŸăă (iie, sou ja arimasen) meaning 'No, that's not right,' or by stating the correct information, like 'ăăăăăă°ă ă§ă' ('No, it's a bag.').
- Q: ăăăŻăăăŸă§ăăăA: ăŻăăïŒżïŒżïŒżă
- Q: ăăăŻăăăŸă§ăăăA: ăăăăïŒżïŒżïŒżăăăŸăăă
Sentence Structure: S1 ă, S2 ă (Choice Questions)
This sentence pattern is used to ask a question that offers a choice between two options (S1 or S2). The particle ă (ka) is used after each choice. The answer should be one of the choices, not ăŻă (hai) or ăăă (iie).
- ăăăŻăăŒăă§ăăăăŠăĄăăă§ăïŒżïŒżïŒżă
- Q: ăăăŻăăŒăă§ăăăăŠăĄăăă§ăăăA: ïŒżïŒżïŒżă§ăă
Expression: ăăă§ăă (I see / Is that so?)
ăăă§ăă (sou desu ka) is a conversational phrase used by a listener to acknowledge new information. It indicates that you have understood what was said and are engaged in the conversation. It translates to 'I see,' 'Is that so?', or 'Oh, really?'.
- A: ăăźăăăŻăăăăźă§ăŻăăăŸăăăB:ïŒżïŒżïŒżă